diff --git a/pyuno/CppunitTest_pyuno_pythonhome.mk b/pyuno/CppunitTest_pyuno_pythonhome.mk
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..44cb301ef857
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pyuno/CppunitTest_pyuno_pythonhome.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# -*- Mode: makefile-gmake; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: t; fill-column: 100 -*-
+#
+# This file is part of the LibreOffice project.
+#
+# This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+# License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+# file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+#
+
+$(eval $(call gb_CppunitTest_CppunitTest,pyuno_pythonhome))
+
+$(eval $(call gb_CppunitTest_add_exception_objects,pyuno_pythonhome, \
+    pyuno/qa/cppunit/testpythonhome \
+))
+
+$(eval $(call gb_CppunitTest_use_libraries,pyuno_pythonhome, \
+    cppu \
+    cppuhelper \
+    sal \
+    subsequenttest \
+    test \
+    tl \
+    unotest \
+    utl \
+))
+
+$(eval $(call gb_CppunitTest_use_externals,pyuno_pythonhome,\
+    libxml2 \
+))
+
+$(eval $(call gb_CppunitTest_use_api,pyuno_pythonhome,\
+    udkapi \
+    offapi \
+))
+
+$(eval $(call gb_CppunitTest_use_components,pyuno_pythonhome,\
+    pyuno/source/loader/pythonloader \
+))
+
+$(eval $(call gb_CppunitTest_use_ure,pyuno_pythonhome))
+$(eval $(call gb_CppunitTest_use_vcl,pyuno_pythonhome))
+$(eval $(call gb_CppunitTest_use_rdb,pyuno_pythonhome,services))
+$(eval $(call gb_CppunitTest_use_configuration,pyuno_pythonhome))
+
+# vim: set noet sw=4 ts=4:
diff --git a/pyuno/Module_pyuno.mk b/pyuno/Module_pyuno.mk
index f69e89fa791c..fd24dc8c93cd 100644
--- a/pyuno/Module_pyuno.mk
+++ b/pyuno/Module_pyuno.mk
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ endif
 
 $(eval $(call gb_Module_add_check_targets,pyuno, \
     PythonTest_pyuno_pytests_testimports \
+    $(if $(SYSTEM_PYTHON),,CppunitTest_pyuno_pythonhome) \
 ))
 
 endif # !SYSTEM_PYTHON
diff --git a/pyuno/qa/cppunit/testpythonhome.cxx b/pyuno/qa/cppunit/testpythonhome.cxx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b90ea82ad8a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pyuno/qa/cppunit/testpythonhome.cxx
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4; fill-column: 100 -*- */
+/*
+ * This file is part of the LibreOffice project.
+ *
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ */
+
+#include <sal/config.h>
+
+#include <test/unoapi_test.hxx>
+
+#include <com/sun/star/lang/XSingleComponentFactory.hpp>
+#include <com/sun/star/loader/XImplementationLoader.hpp>
+#include <com/sun/star/task/XJob.hpp>
+
+namespace
+{
+class PythonHomeTest : public UnoApiTest
+{
+public:
+    PythonHomeTest()
+        : UnoApiTest(u"/pyuno/qa/extras"_ustr)
+    {
+    }
+
+private:
+    void testHome();
+
+    CPPUNIT_TEST_SUITE(PythonHomeTest);
+    CPPUNIT_TEST(testHome);
+    CPPUNIT_TEST_SUITE_END();
+};
+
+void PythonHomeTest::testHome()
+{
+    // Tests that the Python environment has the Python home correctly configured. See tdf#169387
+
+    css::uno::Reference<css::loader::XImplementationLoader> xLoader(
+        m_xFactory->createInstanceWithContext(u"com.sun.star.loader.Python"_ustr, m_xContext),
+        css::uno::UNO_QUERY_THROW);
+
+    css::uno::Reference<css::lang::XSingleComponentFactory> xFactory(
+        xLoader->activate(u"org.libreoffice.pyuno.check_python_home"_ustr, u""_ustr,
+                          createFileURL(u"check_python_home.py"),
+                          css::uno::Reference<css::registry::XRegistryKey>()),
+        css::uno::UNO_QUERY_THROW);
+
+    css::uno::Reference<css::task::XJob> xJob(xFactory->createInstanceWithContext(m_xContext),
+                                              css::uno::UNO_QUERY_THROW);
+
+    // Execute the job contained in the test service. This should throw an exception if the test
+    // fails.
+    xJob->execute(css::uno::Sequence<css::beans::NamedValue>());
+}
+
+CPPUNIT_TEST_SUITE_REGISTRATION(PythonHomeTest);
+
+} // namespace
+
+CPPUNIT_PLUGIN_IMPLEMENT();
+
+/* vim:set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab cinoptions=b1,g0,N-s cinkeys+=0=break: */
diff --git a/pyuno/qa/extras/check_python_home.py b/pyuno/qa/extras/check_python_home.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2cdac9849f93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pyuno/qa/extras/check_python_home.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# -*- tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; py-indent-offset: 4 -*-
+#
+# This file is part of the LibreOffice project.
+#
+# This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+# License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+# file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+#
+
+from com.sun.star.task import XJob
+from com.sun.star.uri import UriReferenceFactory
+from com.sun.star.util import theMacroExpander
+import os.path
+import sys
+import uno
+import unohelper
+
+
+g_ImplementationHelper = unohelper.ImplementationHelper()
+g_implName = "org.libreoffice.pyuno.check_python_home"
+
+
+class CheckPythonHome(unohelper.Base, XJob):
+    def __init__(self, ctx):
+        self.ctx = ctx
+
+    def execute(self, args):
+        # Make sure that the Python prefix is a subdirectory of $BRAND_BASE_DIR
+
+        xServiceManager = self.ctx.ServiceManager
+        xUriFactory = UriReferenceFactory.create(self.ctx)
+        xUriReference = xUriFactory.parse("vnd.sun.star.expand:$BRAND_BASE_DIR")
+        uri = xUriReference.expand(theMacroExpander.get(self.ctx))
+        brand_path = os.path.realpath(uno.fileUrlToSystemPath(uri))
+        prefix_path = os.path.realpath(sys.prefix)
+
+        assert prefix_path.startswith(brand_path)
+
+
+g_ImplementationHelper.addImplementation(
+    CheckPythonHome,
+    g_implName,
+    (
+    ),
+)
+
+# vim: set shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 expandtab: